Earthquakes

Magnitude 5+ Earthquakes – Global

6.5 earthquake hits the Dodecanese Islands, Greece.

Nineteen people were killed in Turkey and Greece after a strong earthquake struck the Aegean Sea on Friday, bringing buildings crashing down and setting off tidal waves which slammed into coastal areas and islands. Neighbourhoods were deluged with surging seawater which swept debris inland and left fish stranded as it receded. At least 709 people were injured.

5.7 earthquake hits central Peru.

5.5 earthquake hits the Solomon Islands.

5.3 earthquake hits the Pacific-Antarctic ridge.

5.3 earthquake hits Jan Mayan Island.

5.2 earthquake hits south of Alaska.

5.2 earthquake hits the Dodecanese Islands, Greece.

5.1 earthquake hits south of Fiji.

5.1 earthquake hits Jan Mayan Island.

5.0 earthquake hits New Guinea, Papua New Guinea.

5.0 earthquake hits the Dodecanese Islands, Greece.

5.0 earthquake hits the South Shetland Islands.

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Storms and Floods

Tropical Storms – Roundup of Tropical Storms:

In the Western Pacific Ocean: Super Typhoon 22w (Goni), located approximately 383 nm east of Manila, Philippines, is tracking west-southwestward at 13 knots.

Tropical depression 23w (Atsani), located approximately 1029 nm east of Manila, Philippines, is tracking northwestward at 13 knots.

NewsBytes:

El Salvador – Heavy rainfall in El Salvador triggered a massive landslide in the municipality of Nejapa in San Salvador department late on 29 October 2020. At least 7 people have died and 35 more are suspected missing. The landslide buried homes in the village of Los Angelitos, situated on the slopes of the San Salvador Volcano. Civil Protection said that the landslide and debris flows pushed mud, rocks and logs down the hillside, carving a route approximately 4 km in length.

Indonesia – Disaster authorities in Indonesia have reported further flooding in parts of Java Island, displacing almost 600 people and affecting over 7,000. One person died after flash floods struck Cimahi City in West Java Province on 25 October 2020. Around 70 homes were damaged, affecting 290 people. The following day flooding in Kroya district in Cilacap, Central Java Province affected 1065 people and displaced 25. Heavy rain caused the Ciputrahaji and Cikaso rivers to break their banks on 27 October, flooding areas of Ciamis Region, West Java Province 27 October.

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Wildlife

New Coral Reef Discovered in Australia’s Great Barrier Reef

A coral reef taller than the Empire State Building has been discovered in Australia’s Great Barrier Reef. Standing at 500 metres, it is located at the North end of the Great Barrier Reef around 80km east of Cape Grenville, which is roughly 150km south of the tip of Cape York on the east coast of Queensland. Its base is 1.5km long and at its highest point, the reef is around 127ft below the ocean surface.

Importantly, the new reef shows minimal signs of having been affected by global warming and appears largely healthy.

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Wildfires

Wildfires – Colorado, USA

Two wildfires that have burned more than 600 square miles in northern Colorado have together damaged or destroyed nearly 700 structures.

Grand County’s sheriff said Thursday that crews are still assessing the damage caused by the East Troublesome Fire in the mountains northwest of Denver. He said at least 250 structures were burned but didn’t indicate how many of those were homes.

The nearby Cameron Peak Fire has destroyed at least 442 structures, including 222 cabins or homes. The fires are the two largest in state history and have forced thousands of people to flee their homes.

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Disease

COVID-19

The countries with the 10 greatest number of Covid-19 cases:

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Earthquakes

Magnitude 5+ Earthquakes – Global

5.4 earthquake hits south of Alaska.

5.4 earthquake hits the northern mid-Atlantic ridge.

5.1 earthquake hits Fiji.

5.1 earthquake hits south of Fiji.

5.0 earthquake hits south of Guatemala.

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Storms and Floods

Tropical Storms – Roundup of Tropical Storms:

In the Western Pacific Ocean: Super Typhoon 22w (Goni), located approximately 621 nm east of Manila, Philippines, is tracking westward at 11 knots.

Tropical depression 23w (Atsani), located approximately 147 nm south-southwest of Navsta Guam, is tracking west-northwestward at 26 knots.

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Global Warming

Soot Particles and Global Warming

A team of researchers from ETH Zurich has for the first time used simulations on the CSCS supercomputer Piz Daint to investigate how certain aging mechanisms of soot particles in the atmosphere affect cloud formation. The results show that the influence of ozone and sulfuric acid on soot aging alters cloud formation and, ultimately, the climate.

Burning wood, petroleum products or other organic materials releases soot particles into the atmosphere that consist mainly of carbon. This soot is considered the second most important anthropogenic climate forcing agent after carbon dioxide. In the atmosphere or as deposits on snow and ice surfaces, soot particles absorb the short-wave radiation of the sun and thus contribute to global warming. In the atmosphere, soot particles also have an indirect effect on the climate by altering the formation, development and properties of clouds.

When soot particles combine with ozone or sulfuric acid, their physical and chemical properties change. Simulations of ozone-aged soot show that when the carbon dioxide content of the atmosphere doubles compared to the pre-industrial era, fewer low clouds form and more short-wave radiation reaches the earth and warms it.

The soot particles aged by sulfuric acid, on the other hand, cause more ice crystals to form and make cirrus clouds optically thicker, i.e. they are less permeable to radiation. As a result, cirrus clouds absorb more of the long-wave thermal radiation emitted by the Earth and allow less of it to escape into space also warming the earth.

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Environment

Fukushima Warming

Plans to dump more than a million tons of contaminated water from Japan’s Fukushima nuclear power plant disaster into the ocean are being highly criticized. Greenpeace warns in a report that the water stored after the 2011 meltdowns at the facility has such high levels of the isotope carbon-14 that it could damage human DNA if released into the Pacific. The move has also been strongly opposed by local fishermen. The Greenpeace report says that carbon-14 has a half-life of 5,370 years and would become “incorporated into all living matter” over time if released into the wild. But Japan’s Prime Minister Yoshihide Suga says the dumping can’t be postponed forever.

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Wildlife

Kamchatka Kill

The massive deaths of sea creatures along the eastern coast of Russia’s Kamchatka Peninsula are being blamed by officials on a natural bloom of toxic algae and not on man-made pollution.

Images of dead seals, octopuses and other marine life started appearing on social media in early October, accompanied by reports of local residents complaining of being sickened as well. Russia’s Investigative Committee said the deaths were entirely due to natural causes. But initial tests found levels of oil products and phenol, used to make plastics, in the water.

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Environment

Global Temperature Extremes

The week’s hottest temperature was 110 degrees Fahrenheit (43.3 degrees Celsius) in Rivadavia, Salta, Argentina.

The week’s coldest temperature was minus 78.0 degrees Fahrenheit (minus 61.1 degrees Celsius) at Vostok, Antarctica.

Temperatures were tabulated from the more than 10,000 worldwide synoptic weather stations. The United Nations World Meteorological Organization sets the standards for weather observations, and provides a global telecommunications circuit for data distribution.

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Disease

COVID-19

The countries with the 10 greatest number of Covid-19 cases:

The recent upsurge in Covid-19 cases across Spain, France and the UK has been caused by a new variant of the disease that has mutated in Spain and has been carried across borders by tourists returning home. The new variant appears to be more virulent than the older variant.

Night Bites

Artificial light is causing some disease-carrying mosquitoes to track down and bite humans more frequently outside their usually active periods, researchers say. Writing in the American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, scientists say that Aedes aegypti mosquitoes, which normally fly and bite in the early morning and during the afternoon, will now bite at night in illuminated areas. They warn that increasing levels of light pollution could increase the chance of infection in humans with diseases such as dengue fever, yellow fever, chikungunya and Zika. Unlike other species that may emerge from the forest to feed on humans and animals, Aedes aegypti evolved with humans and prefers to feed on them.

Volcanos

Roundup of Global Volcanic Activity – Ongoing Activity for the Week 21 October 2020 – 27 October 2020

Bulusan | Luzon (Philippines) : On 26 October PHIVOLCS lowered the Alert Level for Bulusan to 0, indicating normal conditions, though warnings remained to not enter the 4-km-radius Permanent Danger Zone (PDZ). The decision was based on monitoring data that showed sulfur dioxide flux remaining below detection levels since 2018, deformation continuing a deflationary trend since May 2019, and the frequency of volcanic earthquakes declining to baseline levels (0-2 earthquakes/day) beginning in late September 2020. Very diffuse white plumes rose from the summit vents.

Dukono | Halmahera (Indonesia) : Based on satellite and wind model data, the Darwin VAAC reported that during 21-27 October ash plumes from Dukono rose to 2.1 km (7,000 ft) a.s.l. and drifted in multiple directions. The Alert Level remained at 2 (on a scale of 1-4), and the public was warned to remain outside of the 2-km exclusion zone.

Ebeko | Paramushir Island (Russia) : Volcanologists in Severo-Kurilsk (Paramushir Island), about 7 km E of Ebeko, observed explosions during 16-23 October that sent ash plumes up to 3.5 km (11,500 ft) a.s.l. and drifted N, NE, and SE. Ash fell in Severo-Kurilsk during 20-22 October. A thermal anomaly over the volcano was visible in satellite data on 22 October. The Aviation colour Code remained at Orange (the second highest level on a four-colour scale).

Etna | Sicily (Italy) : INGV reported that during 19-25 October activity at Etna was characterized by intra-crater Strombolian activity at Northeast Crater (NEC), Strombolian activity at the New Southeast Crater (NSEC) cone, and gas emissions at the Voragine (VOR) and Bocca Nuova (BN) craters. During a helicopter overflight along the W side on 23 October scientists observed Strombolian explosions at NSEC that produced ash emissions and ejected shreds of lava out of the crater. Both the frequency and intensity of explosions was variable. There were several thermal anomalies on the NEC crater floor, and some on the floor of the BN crater. An ash plume from NSEC rose to 4.5 km a.s.l. and drifted SSE. The report noted that, based on drone footage from the beginning of the month, the NSEC vent was 190 m long in the NW direction and 140 m wide in the NE direction.

Great Sitkin | Andreanof Islands (USA) : AVO reported that seismicity at Great Sitkin had decreased during the previous several months and had returned to background levels by 21 October. Additionally, eruptive activity or unusual surface temperatures had not been observed in clear satellite images. The Aviation colour Code was lowered to Green and the Volcano Alert Level was lowered to Normal.

Ibu | Halmahera (Indonesia) : PVMBG reported that during 21-26 October ash plumes rose 200-800 m above Ibu’s summit and drifted N, NE, and E. The Alert Level remained at 2 (on a scale of 1-4), and the public was warned to stay at least 2 km away from the active crater, and 3.5 km away on the N side.

Langila | New Britain (Papua New Guinea) : Based on analyses of satellite imagery and wind model data, the Darwin VAAC reported that on 22 and 24 October ash plumes from Langila rose 2.1 km (7,000 ft) a.s.l. and drifted S and N, respectively. Ash plumes rose to 1.8 km (6,000 ft) a.s.l. and drifted NW on 25 October.

Reykjanes | Iceland : IMO reported that a M 5.6 earthquake was recorded at 1343 on 20 October beneath Nupshlidarhals, a hill about 5 km W of the geothermal area in Seltun. This was the largest earthquake since 2003 recorded in the Reykjanes peninsula. There were about 1,700 aftershocks recorded in the following 24-hour period. IMO received reports of rockfalls in steep areas and increased gas odors in the vicinity of Graenavatn at Nupshlidarhals. Four landslides were noted near the epicenter; some existing ground cracks were displaced and new cracks had formed in Krysuvikurbjarg. On 26 October IMO stated that seismic activity had significantly decreased in recent days; about 180 earthquakes below M 2.2 had been detected during the previous two days.

Semeru | Eastern Java (Indonesia) : PVMBG that gray-and-white ash plumes rose 500 m above Semeru’s summit and drifted S and SW during 22-24 October. The Alert Level remained at 2 (on a scale of 1-4).

Sheveluch | Central Kamchatka (Russia) : KVERT reported that a thermal anomaly over Sheveluch was identified in satellite images during 16-23 October. The Aviation colour Code remained at Orange (the second highest level on a four-colour scale).

Sinabung | Indonesia : PVMBG reported that white plumes rose as high as 500 m above Sinabung’s summit on most days during 20-27 October; foggy conditions sometimes prevented visual observations. On 23 October white-and-gray ash plumes rose as high as 1 km and drifted in multiple directions. Pyroclastic flows traveled 1.5-2.5 km down the E and SE flanks on 25 October. According to a news article ash plumes drifted SE of the volcano twice that same day, causing some local residents to evacuate. The report noted that a lava dome in the summit crater continued to grow. The Alert Level remained at 3 (on a scale of 1-4), with a general exclusion zone of 3 km and extensions to 5 km in the SE sector and 4 km in the NE sector.

Stromboli | Aeolian Islands (Italy) : INGV reported that during 19-25 October activity at Stromboli was characterized by ongoing explosive activity from Area N (north crater area) and in Area C-S (south-central crater area). Explosions from two vents at the N1 vent (Area N) ejected lapilli and bombs 80-150 m high, and produced ash emissions. Explosions at two N2 vents ejected a mix of coarse and fine material at a frequency of 5-10 events per hour. Explosions from vents in Area C-S also ejected both coarse and fine material 250 m high at a frequency of 1-3 events per hour.

Suwanosejima | Ryukyu Islands (Japan) : JMA reported nighttime incandescence and intermittent eruptive activity at Suwanosejima’s Ontake Crater during 16-23 October. Three explosions were recorded; an explosion at 0439 on 17 October produced a grayish-white ash plume that rose 1.4 km above the crater rim. The Alert Level remained at 2 (on a 5-level scale).

Villarrica | Chile : SERNAGEOMIN reported that a long-period (LP) event and associated explosion were recorded by Villarrica’s seismic network at 1041 on 23 October. An ash plume rose 180 m. The Alert Level remained at Yellow, the second lowest level on a four-colour scale. ONEMI maintained an Alert Level Yellow (the middle level on a three-colour scale) for the municipalities of Villarrica, Pucón (16 km N), Curarrehue, and the commune of Panguipulli, and the exclusion zone for the public of 500 m around the crater.

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Earthquakes

Magnitude 5+ Earthquakes – Global

5.8 earthquake hits Vanuatu.

5.7 earthquake hits Coquimbo, Chile.

5.5 earthquake hits the South Shetland Islands.

5.4 earthquake hits Vanuatu.

5.4 earthquake hits the South Shetland Islands.

5.3 earthquake hits Easter Island.

5.2 earthquake hits Tajikistan.

5.0 earthquake hits the South Shetland Islands.

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Storms and Floods

Tropical Storms – Roundup of Tropical Storms:

In the Atlantic Ocean: Hurricane Zeta is located about 265 mi…430 km sw of the mouth of the Mississippi river and about 295 mi…470 km ssw of New Orleans Louisiana with maximum sustained winds…90 mph…150 km/h. Present movement…n or 360 degrees at 17 mph…28 km/h.

In the Western Pacific Ocean: Typhoon 22w (Goni), located approximately 865 nm east of Manila, Philippines, is tracking west-northwestward at 09 knots.

NewsBytes:

Vietnam – Typhoon Molave made landfall south of Da Nang in Vietnam on 28 October 2020 with winds of up to 145km/h, making it one of the strongest typhoons in the region in decades. 374,600 people had evacuated their homes and moved to safer locations. The rain caused flash flooding and several landslides in central provinces, in particular in Quang Nam Province where 55 people were missing after landslides in Nam Tra My and Phuoc Son districts. The army has mobilized troops and vehicles for search and rescue operations.

Indonesia – Floods and landslides claimed two lives in Pangandaran Regency, West Java on 27 October 2020. Initial assessments suggest at least 111 houses were flooded, affecting 311 people in in six villages in the sub-districts of Padaheran, Langkaplancar, Sidamulih and Parigi. Two people died when a landslide buried at least 1 house. The floods and landslides occurred due to a high rainfall intensity and an unstable soil structure.

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Disease

COVID-19

The countries with the 10 greatest number of Covid-19 cases:

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Volcanos

Roundup of Global Volcanic Activity – New Activity for the Week 21 October 2020 – 27 October 2020

Bezymianny | Central Kamchatka (Russia) : Based on Tokyo VAAC notices, KVERT reported that an explosive eruption at Bezymianny began at 0822 on 22 October and produced a large ash cloud that rose as high as 9 km (29,500 ft) a.s.l. The Aviation colour Code was raised to Red, the highest level on a four-colour scale. The ash cloud identified in satellite images was 100 x 200 km in size. KVERT noted that by 1519 the eruption was over. A large ash cloud was still visible, though it had dropped to lower altitudes of 5-5.5 km (16,400-18,000 ft) a.s.l. and split into a N part (57 x 105 km) and a S part (36 x 67 km). The clouds shiftied direction and drifted as far as 811 km NW and SE. The Aviation colour Code was lowered to Orange. On 23 October a thermal anomaly over the summit was identified in satellite images and growth of a lava dome was noted. The Aviation colour Code was lowered to Yellow.

Karymsky | Eastern Kamchatka (Russia) : A new eruption at Karymsky that began on 21 October prompted KVERT to raise the Aviation colour Code to Orange (the second highest level on a four-colour scale). A thermal anomaly was identified in satellite images. During 21-23 October explosions produced ash plumes that rose as high as 6 km (19,700 ft) a.s.l. and drifted 380 km SE. An ash cloud, 30 x 60 km in area, was identified in satellite images 530 km SE from the volcano.

Klyuchevskoy | Central Kamchatka (Russia) : KVERT reported that Strombolian activity at Klyuchevskoy continued during 16-23 October and lava advanced down the Apakhonchich drainage on the SE flank. A large bright thermal anomaly was identified daily in satellite images and on 18 October an ash plume drifted 90 km E. The Aviation colour Code was raised to Orange (the second highest level on a four-colour scale) on 8 October.

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Earthquakes

Magnitude 5+ Earthquakes – Global

5.6 earthquake hits Male, Chile.

5.6 earthquake hits Sulawesi, Indonesia.

5.4 earthquake hits the Molucca Sea.

5.3 earthquake hits near the coast of central Peru.

5.1 earthquake hits south of Alaska.

5.1 earthquake hits the Andreanof Islands in the Aleutian Islands.

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Storms and Floods

Tropical Storms – Roundup of Tropical Storms:

In the Atlantic Ocean: Hurricane Zeta is located about 265 mi…430 km sw of the mouth of the Mississippi river and about 295 mi…470 km ssw of New Orleans Louisiana with maximum sustained winds…90 mph…150 km/h. Present movement…n or 360 degrees at 17 mph…28 km/h.

In the Western Pacific Ocean: Typhoon 21w (Molave), located approximately 38 nm south-southeast of De Nang, Vietnam, is tracking west-northwestward at 14 knots.

Tropical depression 22w (Twenty-two), located approximately 1075 nm east of Mmanila, Philippines, is tracking westward at 06 knots.

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Global Warming

Earth Becoming an ‘Uninhabitable Hell’

A jump in climate-related disasters this century, along with the global coronavirus pandemic, show political and business leaders are failing to stop the planet turning into “an uninhabitable hell” for millions, the United Nations said.

The last two decades saw the number of disasters caused by extreme weather nearly double to 6,681, up from 3,656 between 1980 and 1999. Worsening floods and storms accounted for about four-fifths of the total from 2000-2019 but major increases were also recorded for droughts, wildfires and heatwaves.

In the past 20 years, there were nearly 7,350 major recorded disasters, including earthquakes and tsunamis, which claimed more than 1.2 million lives and affected 4.2 billion people.

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Disease

COVID-19

The countries with the 10 greatest number of Covid-19 cases:

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Earthquakes

Magnitude 5+ Earthquakes – Global

5.0 earthquake hits central Iran.

5.0 earthquake its south of Alaska.

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Storms and Floods

Tropical Storms – Roundup of Tropical Storms:

In the Atlantic Ocean: Tropical Storm Zeta is located about 45 mi…75 km e of Progreso Mexico and about 540 mi…865 km s of the mouth of the Mississippi river with maximum sustained winds…70 mph…110 km/h. Present movement…nw or 305 degrees at 14 mph…22 km/h.

In the Western Pacific Ocean: Typhoon 21w (Molave), located approximately 332 nm east-southeast of De Nang, Vietnam, is tracking westward at 13 knots.

NewsBytes:

Philippines – At least 16 people are thought to be dead or missing in the Philippines as a result of Tropical Cyclone “Molave” (known locally as “Quinta”), including several people swept away by flood waters in Negros Oriental in Central Visayas region and Romblon in Mimaropa region. Molave made landfall over southern Luzon close to Lagazpi City, Bicol Region, on 25 October as a typhoon with maximum sustained wind speeds of around 140 km/h. Heavy rain was reported in several areas of the country, including Legazpi which recorded 282.8mm of rain in 24 hours to 25 October and Romblon which recorded 138 mm the following day.

Indonesia – Flooding has damaged almost 1,500 homes in parts of West Java Province, Indonesia, over the last few days in the cities of Depok and Bekasi.

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Global Warming

GM, Ford knew about climate change 50 years ago

Scientists at two of America’s biggest automakers knew as early as the 1960s that car emissions caused climate change an extensive investigation by a team of investigative reporters has found.

The discoveries by General Motors and Ford Motor Co. preceded decades of political lobbying by the two car giants that undermined global attempts to reduce emissions while stalling U.S. efforts to make vehicles cleaner.

Researchers at both automakers found strong evidence in the 1960s and ’70s that human activity was warming the Earth. A primary culprit was the burning of fossil fuels, which released large quantities of heat-trapping gases such as carbon dioxide that could trigger melting of polar ice sheets and other dire consequences.

A GM scientist presented her findings to at least three high-level executives at the company, including a former chairman and CEO. It’s unclear whether similar warnings reached the top brass at Ford.

But in the following decades, both manufacturers largely failed to act on the knowledge that their products were heating the planet. Instead of shifting their business models away from fossil fuels, the companies invested heavily in gas-guzzling trucks and SUVs. At the same time, the two carmakers privately donated hundreds of thousands of dollars to groups that cast doubt on the scientific consensus on global warming.

More than 50 years after the automakers learned about climate change, the transportation sector is the leading source of planet-warming pollution in the United States. Cars and trucks account for the bulk of those emissions.

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Wildfires

Wildfires – California, USA

Two new rapidly spreading wildfires prompted the evacuation of more than 85,000 people in two cities in upscale sections of Southern California’s Orange County, fire officials said Monday.

More than 500 firefighters turned out in force to battle the Silverado Fire that quickly blackened more than 7,200 acres near Irvine. As a precaution, 70,000 people were ordered to evacuate from their homes, Fire Capt. Greg Barta said.

Two members of a fire hand crew were badly burned, the Orange County Fire Authority said. The two, ages 26 and 32, suffered second- and third-degree burns on at least half of their bodies.

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Disease

COVID-19

The countries with the 10 greatest number of Covid-19 cases:

Anthrax – Russia

Health officials in the Russian republic of Dagestan are reporting five hospitalizations due to suspected anthrax in the village of Kakamakhi in a period from October 24 to 26. All the patients have been taken to hospital and placed in an isolated ward.

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Earthquakes

Magnitude 5+ Earthquakes – Global

5.7 earthquake hits Tonga.

5.2 earthquake hits Minahasa, Sulawesi, Indonesia.

5.2 earthquake hits offshore Tarapaca, Chile.

5.2 earthquake hits the Pacific-Antarctic ridge.

5.1 earthquake hits the Solomon Islands.

5.1 earthquake hits Chiapas, Mexico.

5.1 earthquake hits Alaska.

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Storms and Floods

Tropical Storms – Roundup of Tropical Storms:

In the Atlantic Ocean: Tropical Storm Zeta is located about 210 mi…340 km se of Cozumel Mexico with maximum sustained winds…70 mph…110 km/h. Present movement…nw or 315 degrees at 9 mph…15 km/h.

In the Western Pacific Ocean: Tropical depression 19w (Soudel), located approximately 117 nm north-northwest of De Nang, Vietnam, is tracking northwestward at 03 knots.

Typhoon 21w (Molave), located approximately 139 nm west-southwest of Manila, Philippines, is tracking west-northwestward at 15 knots.

NewsBytes:

Australia – Severe thunderstorms brought heavy rain and strong winds to parts of New South Wales, Australia, from 23 October 2020. Flooding and wind damage disrupted traffic. Power supply was interrupted in some areas.

Jamaica – At least 2 people have died after heavy rain caused floods and landslides in Jamaica. Jamaica’s Meteorological Service issued several warnings for heavy rain and flash floods over the weekend from the “outer bands from Tropical Storm Zeta, over the northwestern Caribbean Sea, were contributing to the rainfall over Jamaica.

Bangladesh – Heavy rainfall in Bangladesh caused flooding in low lying areas of Bagerhat District, Khulna Division from 23 October. According to local media, 38,000 people have been affected, although local authorities have yet to complete full damage assessments. Local authorities have distributed relief items including food rations. Flooding has caused damage to livelihoods, in particular to thousands of shrimp enclosures which have been swept away.

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Disease

COVID-19

The countries with the 10 greatest number of Covid-19 cases:

Mayaro Virus – French Guiana

French health authorities reported 13 laboratory-confirmed cases of Mayaro fever in French Guiana earlier this month. Mayaro virus is a dengue-like mosquito borne disease.

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Earthquakes

Magnitude 5+ Earthquakes – Global

5.7 earthquake hits Java, Indonesia.

5.2 earthquake hits western Iran.

5.2 earthquake hits the South Shetland Islands.

5.1 earthquake hits southeast of the Loyalty Islands.

5.1 earthquake hits south of Alaska.

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Storms and Floods

Tropical Storms – Roundup of Tropical Storms:

In the Atlantic Ocean: Hurricane Epsilon is located about 270 mi…435 km s of Cape Race Newfoundland with maximum sustained winds…75 mph…120 km/h. Present movement…ne or 50 degrees at 30 mph…48 km/h.

Tropical Storm Zeta is located about 305 mi…490 km sse of the western tip of Cuba and about 295 mi…475 km se of Cozumel Mexico with maximum sustained winds…40 mph…65 km/h. Present movement…n or 360 degrees at 1 mph…2 km/h.

In the Western Pacific Ocean: Tropical Storm 19w (Soudel), located approximately 90 nm north of De Nang, Vietnam, is tracking westward at 10 knots.

Tropical Storm 21w (Molave), located approximately 238 nm east-southeast of Manila, Philippines, is tracking westward at 14 knots.

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Disease

COVID-19

The countries with the 10 greatest number of Covid-19 cases:

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Earthquakes

Magnitude 5+ Earthquakes – Global

5.2 earthquake hits Vanuatu.

5.0 earthquake hits Catamarca, Argentina.

5.0 earthquake hits the South Shetland Islands.

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Storms and Floods

Tropical Storms – Roundup of Tropical Storms:

In the Atlantic Ocean: Hurricane Epsilon is located about 355 mi…570 km nne of Bermuda and about 815 mi…1315 km sw of Cape Race Newfoundland with maximum sustained winds…75 mph…120 km/h. Present movement…nne or 15 degrees at 12 mph…19 km/h.

In the Western Pacific Ocean: Tropical Storm 19w (Soudel), located approximately 262 nm east-northeast of De Nang, Vietnam, is tracking westward at 10 knots.

Tropical depression 21w (Twenty-one), located approximately 365 nm north-northwest of Koror, is tracking northwestward at 16 knots.

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Environment

USA Dust Bowl Repeat

A new study finds dust levels are rising in the American Great Plains due to farming practices and climate trends that scientists say are reminiscent of the lead-up to the 1930s Dust Bowl period.

The University of Utah research finds that the amount of dust has risen up to 5% per year, which coincides with the expansion of cropland and seasonal crop cycles. Writing in Geophysical Research Letters, the scientists suggest farming practices could now be exposing more soil to wind erosion, albeit much less than when 1920s Midwestern farmers were tilling the topsoil with mechanical plows. This led to the Dust Bowl after severe drought struck.

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Disease

COVID-19

The countries with the 10 greatest number of Covid-19 cases:

Rabies – USA

Rabies in deer is typically rare; however, in several counties in west-central New York State, at least four cases have been reported in recent weeks, prompting officials to remind hunters of the risk as hunting season is about to start.

Dengue Fever – Europe

The European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC) reports that 18 autochthonous, or locally acquired dengue fever cases have been reported on the continent in two countries–Italy and France.

In Italy, 10 locally acquired cases have been reported in the Veneto region since the summer. Officials say the probable origin of the primary travel-related case is West Sumatra, Indonesia.

In France, eight total locally transmitted cases were reported in three departments– Hérault (1), Alpes-Maritimes (5) and Var department (2), including a Dutch tourist diagnosed on her return from vacation in Var.

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Earthquakes

Magnitude 5+ Earthquakes – Global

5.7 earthquake hits south of Fiji.

5.7 earthquake hits the west Chile rise.

5.3 earthquake hits the northern mid-Atlantic ridge.

5.0 earthquake hits Reykjanes ridge.

5.0 earthquake hits the South Shetland Islands.

5.0 earthquake hits the northern mid-Atlantic ridge.

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Storms and Floods

Tropical Storms – Roundup of Tropical Storms:

In the Atlantic Ocean: Hurricane Epsilon is located about 195 mi…310 km ene of Bermuda with maximum sustained winds…85 mph…140 km/h. Present movement…n or 360 degrees at 7 mph…11 km/h.

In the Western Pacific Ocean: Typhoon 19w (Soudel), located approximately 264 nm south-southeast of Hong Kong, is tracking west-northwestward at 03 knots.

NewsBytes:

Indonesia – A landslide struck at a coal mine in South Sumatra, Indonesia, after heavy rainfall. The landslide struck during the afternoon of 21 October 2020 in a coal mine near the village of Tanjung Lalang in Muara Enim Regency. Disaster authorities blamed the recent heavy rain and unstable soil conditions. Search and rescue operations including excavation machines searched for survivors. On 22 October disaster authorities reported 11 people had died in the disaster.

Mozambique – The government in Mozambique reports that 22 people have died and 12 injured after heavy rains, and strong winds in several regions of the country since the beginning of October 2020. 16,657 people from 3,695 families have been affected by floods in the provinces of Niassa, Nampula, Zambézia and Manica and in Maputo city. Almost 2,000 homes were damaged and 922 completely destroyed. Schools and health centres were also damaged. Flooding is also affected areas of Doa district in Tete province due to an overflow of the Zambezi river.

Kenya – Almost 25,000 people have been displaced by flooding along the shores of Lake Turkana in Kenya, while 7,000 households have been severely affected by Lake Victoria backflows. 24,320 people living on the shores of Lake Turkana have now been displaced by rising water in Kerio, Kangatotha, Kalokol and Lake Zone wards. Flooding has submerged homes and disrupted livelihoods.

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Environment

Fracking Fallout

A new Harvard study finds that there are significantly elevated levels of airborne radioactive particles up to 31 miles downwind of U.S. fracking sites.

Using 16 years of data from 157 federal radiation monitoring stations, researchers found that sites with 100 fracking wells within 12 miles upwind had an average of about 7% more radiation in the air.

The highest contamination was near the Marcellus and Utica shale fields in Ohio and Pennsylvania, where radioactivity was 40% higher than normal.

While conventional oil and gas drilling doesn’t result in much impact on underground rocks that contain uranium isotopes, hydraulic fracturing blasts through shale and other layers containing them. Scientists say the resulting radioactive particles are carried downwind.

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Wildlife

Seal tragedy

More than 5,000 seal mothers have aborted their pups at a key breeding colony along the coast of Namibia since early September, worrying marine scientists. Biopsies and tests have yet to determine why the miscarriages occurred on such a massive scale.

Experts from Ocean Conservation Namibia say similar events happen every few years, but never before on such a large scale. They add that the mothers often sit beside their aborted pups, or carry them around for a few days in grief. It’s believed that starvation, disease or pollution could be behind the disaster.

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Environment

Global Temperature Extremes

The week’s hottest temperature was 113 degrees Fahrenheit (45 degrees Celsius) in Rivadavia, Salta, Argentina.

The week’s coldest temperature was minus 89.0 degrees Fahrenheit (minus 67.2 degrees Celsius) at Vostok, Antarctica.

Temperatures were tabulated from the more than 10,000 worldwide synoptic weather stations. The United Nations World Meteorological Organization sets the standards for weather observations, and provides a global telecommunications circuit for data distribution.

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Disease

COVID-19

The countries with the 10 greatest number of Covid-19 cases:

Chikungunya – Sudan

In a follow-up on the chikungunya outbreak in West Darfur, Sudan, the UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA) reports today that 248 people in West Darfur were diagnosed with chikungunya, with one related death reported. This is up from 45 confirmed cases a little over one week ago.

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Volcanos

Roundup of Global Volcanic Activity – Ongoing Activity for the Week 14 October 2020 – 20 October 2020

Aira | Kyushu (Japan) : JMA reported that during 14-20 October incandescence from Minamidake Crater (at Aira Caldera’s Sakurajima volcano) was visible nightly. A small eruption was recorded on 13 October. During an overflight that same day scientists observed lava at the bottom of the crater. The Alert Level remained at 3 (on a 5-level scale).

Dukono | Halmahera (Indonesia) : Based on satellite and wind model data, the Darwin VAAC reported that during 15-17 and 19-20 October ash plumes from Dukono rose to 2.1-2.4 km (7,000-8,000 ft) a.s.l. and drifted SW, W, N, and E. The Alert Level remained at 2 (on a scale of 1-4), and the public was warned to remain outside of the 2-km exclusion zone.

Ebeko | Paramushir Island (Russia) : Volcanologists in Severo-Kurilsk (Paramushir Island), about 7 km E of Ebeko, observed explosions during 8-12 and 14-15 October that sent ash plumes up to 3 km (10,000 ft) a.s.l. and drifted N, E, SE, and S. Ash fell in Severo-Kurilsk during 9-10 October. A thermal anomaly over the volcano was visible in satellite data on 12 October. The Aviation colour Code remained at Orange (the second highest level on a four-colour scale).

Kadovar | Papua New Guinea : Based on satellite data, the Darwin VAAC reported that on 18 October a discrete ash puff from Kadovar rose to an altitude of 1.5 km (5,000 ft) a.s.l. and drifted W.

Kerinci | Indonesia : PVMBG reported that on 17 October dense white, brown, and black ash plumes rose 100-800 m above Kerinci’s summit and drifted NE. White-and-brown plumes rose as high as 400 m and drifted NE and E during 18-19 October. The Alert Level remained at 2 (on a scale of 1-4), and the public was reminded to stay outside of the general 1-km radius from the summit and 4 km on the SSE flank.

Pavlof | United States : AVO reported that no seismic tremor at Pavlof had been recorded during the previous two weeks, nor had eruptive activity or unusual surface temperatures been observed in satellite and webcam images. The Volcano Alert Level and Aviation colour Code were lowered to Normal and Green, respectively, on 14 October.

Reventador | Ecuador : IG reported that a high level of activity continued to be recorded at Reventador during 14-20 October. Gas, steam, and ash emissions, observed sometimes multiple times a day with the webcam or reported by the Washington VAAC, rose as high as 1 km above the summit crater and drifted NE, NW, and W. Crater incandescence and incandescent blocks rolling down the flanks were observed almost nightly; blocks rolled 600 m down the SE flank during 17-18 October. The 400-m-long lava flow on the NE flank remained active but did not advance.

Sangay | Ecuador : IG reported a high level of activity at Sangay during 14-20 October. Seismicity was characterized by explosions, harmonic tremor, long-period earthquakes, and signals indicating emissions. Weather clouds often prevented visual observations of the volcano, but the Washington VAAC and IG webcams recorded daily ash plumes that rose 570-2,100 m above the summit and drifted NW and W. One small secondary lahar was reported on 16 October.

Semeru | Eastern Java (Indonesia) : PVMBG that gray-and-white ash plumes rose 200-1,000 m above Semeru’s summit and drifted S and W during 16-17 October. The Alert Level remained at 2 (on a scale of 1-4).).

Sheveluch | Central Kamchatka (Russia) : KVERT reported that a thermal anomaly over Sheveluch was identified in satellite images during 8-16 October. A plume of re-suspended ash drifted 310 km SE during 8-9 October. The Aviation colour Code remained at Orange (the second highest level on a four-colour scale).

Suwanosejima | Ryukyu Islands (Japan) : JMA reported nighttime incandescence and intermittent eruptive activity at Suwanosejima’s Ontake Crater during 9-16 October. Four explosions were recorded during 12-14 October; an explosion at 0100 on 13 October ejected bombs 400 m from the crater and an explosion at 0313 on 14 October produced an ash plume that rose 1.2 km above the crater rim. Ashfall was periodically reported in Toshima village, 4 km SSW. The Alert Level remained at 2 (on a 5-level scale).

Villarrica | Chile : SERNAGEOMIN reported that explosions at Villarrica were recorded at 0534 and 0804 on 15 October and were each associated with long-period seismicity. The first explosion ejected incandescent material above the crater rim and deposited tephra on the E flank as far as 3 km. The second explosion ejected tephra 450 m. An explosion and long-period event were recorded at 1722 on 20 October; an ash plume rose 240 m above the vent and drifted S. POVI noted that the vent was 5-6 m in diameter at a depth of 150 m below the crater rim. The Alert Level remained at Yellow, the second lowest level on a four-colour scale. ONEMI maintained an Alert Level Yellow (the middle level on a three-colour scale) for the municipalities of Villarrica, Pucón (16 km N), Curarrehue, and the commune of Panguipulli, and the exclusion zone for the public of 500 m around the crater.

Westdahl | Fox Islands (USA) : AVO reported that the seismic network at Westdahl has been re-established, again allowing seismic unrest at the volcano to be monitored. The Volcano Alert Level and Aviation colour Code were changed from Unassigned to Normal and Green, respectively, on 15 October.

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Earthquakes

Magnitude 5+ Earthquakes – Global

5.8 earthquake hits Fiji.

5.4 earthquake hits the Pacific-Antarctic ridge.

5.2 earthquake hits the Ionian Sea.

5.1 earthquake hits eastern Sichuan, China.

Two 5.0 earthquakes hit Kepulauan Mentawai, Indonesia.

5.0 earthquake hits New Britain, Papua New Guinea.

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Storms and Floods

Tropical Storms – Roundup of Tropical Storms:

In the Atlantic Ocean: Hurricane Epsilon is located about 260 mi…415 km ese of Bermuda with maximum sustained winds…110 mph…175 km/h. Present movement…nw or 320 degrees at 7 mph…11 km/h.

In the Western Pacific Ocean: Typhoon 19w (Soudel), located approximately 336 nm south-southeast of Hong Kong, is tracking north-northwestward at 04 knots.

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Wildfires

Wildfires – Colorado, USA

Colorado residents in Grand Lake were forced to evacuate Wednesday night as wind-fueled flames roared near the town in the central part of the state. The East Troublesome Fire, which began Oct. 14, grew by at least around 5,000 acres Wednesday.

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Disease

COVID-19

The countries with the 10 greatest number of Covid-19 cases:

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Volcanos

Roundup of Global Volcanic Activity – New Activity for the Week 14 October 2020 – 20 October 2020

Karymsky | Eastern Kamchatka (Russia) : Pilots observed explosions at 1430 on 21 October at Karymsky with ash plumes that rose to 4 km (13,100 ft) a.s.l. and drifted SE. KVERT raised the Aviation Colour Code to Orange (the second highest level on a four-colour scale).

Klyuchevskoy | Central Kamchatka (Russia) : KVERT reported that Strombolian activity at Klyuchevskoy was continuing during 9-16 October and a lava flow was advancing down the Apakhonchich drainage on the SE flank. A large bright thermal anomaly was identified in satellite images and during 8-9 October ash plumes drifted 270 km SE. The Aviation Colour Code was raised to Orange (the second highest level on a four-colour scale) on 8 October.

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Earthquakes

Magnitude 5+ Earthquakes – Global

5.8 earthquake hits Tonga.

5.7 earthquake hits the Alamagan region in the North Mariana Islands.

5.5 earthquake hits offshore Antofagasta, Chile.

5.3 earthquake hits Iceland.

5.2 earthquake hits south of Alaska.

5.1 earthquake hits south of Alaska.

5.1 earthquake hits the South Shetland Islands.

5.1 earthquake hits the Sichuan-Gansu border, China.

5.0 earthquake hits Alaska.

Two 5.0 earthquakes hit Tonga.

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Storms and Floods

Tropical Storms – Roundup of Tropical Storms:

In the Atlantic Ocean: Hurricane Epsilon is located about 450 mi…725 km ese of Bermuda with maximum sustained winds…85 mph…140 km/h. Present movement…wnw or 300 degrees at 14 mph…22 km/h.

In the Western Pacific Ocean: Tropical Storm 19w (Soudel), located approximately 174 nm northwest of Manila, Philippines, is tracking westward at 04 knots.

Tropical depression 20w (Twenty), located approximately 93 nm west of Iwo To, is tracking southwestward at 04 knots.

NewsBytes:

Ireland – Local authorities in County Cork, south-western Ireland, reported extensive tidal flooding in coastal areas early on 20 October, 2020. Cork County Council said “storm surge coupled with spring tides have been the major contributory factors. A southerly wind direction and high wind speeds coinciding with high tides had the effect of increasing the tide significantly.” The towns of Bantry, Kinsale and Youghal were badly affected. However, areas of the city of Cork were among the worst hit.

Philippines – Disaster authorities in the Philippines report that more than 5,000 families on the island of Luzon in the north of the country have been affected by Tropical Storm “Saudel”, known in the Philippines as “Pepito”. The storm made landfall over Aurora Province then crossed the island of Luzon and continued west-northwest to the South China Sea.

Portugal – Civil Protection in Portugal have responded to over 1,300 calls for assistance after severe weather brought by Storm Barbara. Portugal saw strong winds and heavy rainfall from 19 October. The Portuguese Institute for Sea and Atmosphere (IPMA) reported at least 7 locations across the country recorded over 90 mm of rain in 24 hours to 20 October. As much as 150mm of rain fell in Portalegre during that period.

Greece – Heavy rain was reported in the islands of southern Greece from 20 October. Heraklion, capital of the island of Crete, recorded 138.1mm of rain in 24 hours to 21 October, while Karpathos in the Dodecanese islands recorded 244 mm.

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Wildfires

Wildfires – California, USA

Glass Fire – This fire had burned 67,484 acres with 97% containment. At least 1,555 structures have been destroyed, including 653 homes. 1,217 structures are threatened.

Creek Fire – This fire had burned 352,339 acres with 61% containment. 856 structures have been destroyed, though damage inspection is not complete. 105 structures are threatened.

North Complex – These fires had burned 318,930 acres and 95% contained. 15 people in Butte County have died and two first responders have been injured. At least 2,455 structures have been damaged or destroyed.

August Complex – These fires had burned 1,032,264 acres and were 91% contained. One firefighter has died on the August Complex. Two additional firefighters were involved in the accident. 74 structures are threatened and 23 structures have been destroyed.

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Disease

COVID-19

The countries with the 10 greatest number of Covid-19 cases:

Plague – DR Congo

Ituri province, in northeastern Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC), has notified an upsurge of plague cases in the health zone of Rethy. From 11 June to 9 August 2020, a total of 73 cases with 10 deaths.

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Earthquakes

Magnitude 5+ Earthquakes – Global

7.5 earthquake hits south of Alaska.

5.8 earthquake hits south of Alaska.

5.5 earthquake hits south of Alaska.

5.4 earthquake hits south of Alaska.

5.3 earthquake hits south of Alaska.

5.3 earthquake hits the Alaska peninsula.

Two 5.2 earthquakes hit south of Alaska.

Two 5.0 earthquakes hit south of Alaska.

5.0 earthquake hits Kyrgyzstan.

5.0 earthquake hits Kepulauan Barat Daya, Indonesia.

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Storms and Floods

Tropical Storms – Roundup of Tropical Storms:

In the Atlantic Ocean: Tropical Storm Epsilon is located about 765 mi…1230 km se of Bermuda with maximum sustained winds…45 mph…75 km/h. Present movement…ene or 75 degrees at 3 mph…6 km/h.

In the Western Pacific Ocean: Tropical Storm 19w (Soudel), located approximately 149 nm east-northeast of Manila, Philippines, is tracking westward at 17 knots.

NewsBytes:

Nigeria – In a report of 19 October, the International Federation of the Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies (IFRC) said that torrential rainfall, river floods and flash floods since September have cumulatively impacted 192,594 people across 22 states in Nigeria. Furthermore, around 826 injuries and 155 fatalities have so far been recorded and 24,134 people are reported to be displaced.

Indonesia – Heavy rain in western and central parts of Indonesia that began around 15 October has caused flooding in 3 different provinces. Dozens of homes have been damaged and over 200 people displaced.

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Wildfires

Wildfires – Colorado, USA

The CalWood fire which sparked over the weekend has now destroyed at least 26 homes in an area that had been ordered to evacuate near the town of Jamestown Saturday, and it’s believed several other homes have likely burned.

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Disease

COVID-19

The countries with the 10 greatest number of Covid-19 cases:

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Earthquakes

Magnitude 5+ Earthquakes – Global

5.8 earthquake hits Kepulauan Mentawai, Indonesia.

5.6 earthquake hits Kepulauan Mentawai, Indonesia.

5.3 earthquake hits northern Sumatra, Indonesia.

5.1 earthquake hits Kepulauan Mentawai, Indonesia.

5.1 earthquake hits Kepulauan Mentawai, Indonesia.

5.1 earthquake hits Fiji.

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Storms and Floods

Tropical Storms – Roundup of Tropical Storms:

In the Western Pacific Ocean: Tropical depression 19w (Nineteen), located approximately 427 nm east of Manila, Philippines, is tracking westward at 13 knots.

NewsBytes:

India – Further heavy rain from late 17 October has caused yet more flooding in parts of the state of Telangana, India, in particular in the capital, Hyderabad. Last week the city saw record heavy rain which triggered floods causing fatalities and severe material damage. Since then, further heavy downpours from 17 October caused more damage and claimed more lives. Over 120 mm of rain fell in 24 hours to 18 October in parts of Greater Hyderabad. At least 6 fatalities were reported as a result of collapsing buildings or electrocution. Media report that Telangana has now witnessed 61 deaths due to rain related incidents since last week. Roads around Greater Hyderabad were swamped, causing severe traffic disruption. Homes were flooded, with as many as 40,000 families affected, according to local media.

Vietnam – The death toll from floods and landslides in central Vietnam continues to rise as rivers reach record levels. In a recent update, Vietnam’s Disaster Management Authority (DMA) said at least 88 people have now died after further disaster struck over the weekend. Heavy rain caused a landslide at an army barracks in Huong Phung in Quang Tri Province on 18 October, burying 22 people. As of 19 October, 17 have been confirmed dead while the five others remained missing. The death toll also includes 15 people buried in a landslide at a hydropower plant construction site in Phong Dien District, Thua Thien-Hue.

Cambodia – Flooding has worsened in parts of Cambodia after further heavy rain in the country and dam releases in bordering parts of Thailand. Flooding that began in early October has now affected over 240,000 people in 71 districts of 19 of the country’s 25 provinces and autonomous regions. At least 20 people have lost their lives.

Kenya – Heavy rain triggered a deadly landslide in western Kenya on 14 October. According to local media, 2 people died in the landslide that struck in Weiwei, West Pokot County, burying at least 5 houses. Four people were rescued and several people were injured. The landslide also caused damage to roads, limiting access to the area.

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Wildfires

Wildfires – Australia

An out of control bushfire caused evacuations on Sydney’s northern beaches on Saturday – and forced production crews to flee the Big Brother house.

The fire at North Head, near Manly, started as a hazard reduction burn before turning into an emergency when flames were blown past containment lines. The blaze sent smoke billowing across Sydney Harbour, leaving a haze hanging over the city.

Wildfires – Utah, USA

The Range Fire and Fire Canyon Fire have already burned through thousands of acres in less than a day in Utah, with the cause of both fires still under investigation.

Wildfires – Colorado, USA

A fast-moving, rapidly growing wildfire erupted Saturday and expanded to more than 8,788 acres by Sunday morning in northwest Boulder County, Colo., prompting the evacuation of at least 3,000 people and sending hikers and campers fleeing to safety. The fire is just 5 percent contained, and low clouds grounded firefighting aircraft this morning.

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Disease

COVID-19

The countries with the 10 greatest number of Covid-19 cases:

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Earthquakes

Magnitude 5+ Earthquakes – Global

5.6 earthquake hits near the coast of northern Peru.

5.4 earthquake hits Kepulauan Mentawai, Indonesia.

5.3 earthquake hits southwestern Siberia.

5.1 earthquake hits the Pacific-Antarctic ridge.

5.0 earthquake hits the South Shetland Islands.

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Global Warming

Alaska’s new climate threat: tsunamis

In Alaska and other high, cold places around the world, new research shows that mountains are collapsing as the permafrost that holds them together melts, threatening tsunamis if they fall into the sea.

Scientists are warning that populated areas and major tourist attractions are at risk.

In 2015, a landslide on a slope that had also crept for decades, created a tsunami that sheared off forests 193 meters up the slopes of Alaska’s Taan Fiord.

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Environment

Pollution – Europe

Air pollution remains Europe’s top environmental threat to health, with more than 400,000 premature deaths due to air pollution every year in the EU, according to a European Environment Agency report.

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Disease

COVID-19

The countries with the 10 greatest number of Covid-19 cases:

Diphtheria – Vietnam

The US Centres for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) issued a travel notice recently for Vietnam due to a diphtheria outbreak. Health officials in Vietnam have reported an outbreak of diphtheria in the Central Highlands region. National health authorities have reported 198 diphtheria cases since the beginning of this year.

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Earthquakes

Magnitude 5+ Earthquakes – Global

5.2 earthquake hits Mindoro in the Philippines.

5.1 earthquake hits Kepulauan Mentawai, Indonesia.

5.0 earthquake hits the Kuril Islands.

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Storms and Floods

Tropical Storms – Roundup of Tropical Storms:

There are no current tropical storms.

NewsBytes:

Slovakia – Days of heavy rain caused flooding in several areas of Slovakia, causing 1 fatality and prompting evacuations. The Slovak Hydrometeorological Institute (SHMÚ) said that the rain was brought by an area of low pressure which moved from the central Mediterranean, through the Balkans, the Carpathians and over Poland. In a 48 hour period to 14 October, Košická Belá municipality in Košice-okolie District in the Košice Region recorded 123.1 mm of rain.

Tanzania – At least 12 people have lost their lives in flash floods in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. Floods were triggered by heavy rain that began early on 13 October 2020. Dozens of roads were blocked disrupting transport in the city.

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Global Warming

Global Warming Blamed for Bee Deaths – Turkey

Millions of bees died due to drought triggered by global warming in southern Turkey’s Mersin, which caused about a 70%-80% decrease in honey production in the province, a beekeepers association head said.

The above-seasonal temperature and abrupt changes have adversely affected beekeeping in Mersin this year. Drought caused not only the deaths of many bees but also became the main reason for a decrease in the number of plants from which bees can receive nutrition to produce honey

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Wildfires

Wildfires – Bolivia

Wildfires that started two weeks ago are burning through extremely dry forest in Guarayos Bolivia. The Ambue Ari Sanctuary of Comunidad Inti Wara Yassi (CIWY) is under severe fire threat. It is one of three CIWY-run sanctuaries caring for a total of over 500 rescued animals across 39 species, some of which are endangered. The animals were rescued from illegal trafficking, poaching, and habitat destruction. CIWY is a Bolivian non-profit that rescues and protects wild animals.

The area is a natural corridor for big cats and other endangered animals, and at least one jaguar was seen crossing roads in a mad exodus of scorched and frightened wildlife. Voracious flames and choking smoke kill animals outright and also chase them from their habitat, making them susceptible to opportunistic predators as they flee.

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Disease

COVID-19

The countries with the 10 greatest number of Covid-19 cases:

Chikungunya – Thailand

Thailand health officials reported an additional 600-plus chikungunya cases in the past week, putting the total so far in 2020 to 10,101 in 72 provinces. No deaths have been recorded.

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Earthquakes

Magnitude 5+ Earthquakes – Global

5.0 earthquake hits the Hindu Kush, Afghanistan.

5.0 earthquake hits the central mid-Atlantic ridge.

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Storms and Floods

Tropical Storms – Roundup of Tropical Storms:

There are no current tropical storms.

NewsBytes:

Togo – Ongoing flooding along the Oti River has resulted in casualties and widespread damage in northern Togo, West Africa. In a statement of 21 September, 2020, officials said the overflow of several watercourses including the Oti had damaged or destroyed bridges and roads and left communities isolated. Homes were also damaged or destroyed. 8 people had died as a result of the floods.

Indonesia – Heavy rainfall hit parts of the island of Sulawesi on 15 October, 2020, causing floods in Central Sulawesi Province, Indonesia. Over 5,000 people have been affected and hundreds of homes damaged. Floods struck in Donggala Regency in Central Sulawesi Province on 15 October after a period of heavy rain caused the Powelua river to break its banks. Around 5,000 residents were affected and 995 houses damaged, with flood waters said to be around 1.5 metres deeps in some areas. Flash floods struck on the same day in Toli-Toli Regency, Central Sulawesi Province, forcing 1,750 people from 350 families to evacuate their homes.

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Global Warming

Massive Ozone Hole

The ozone hole in the stratosphere above Antarctica reached its annual peak on Oct. 1, which scientists say was the largest and deepest in 15 years.

This was in contrast to an unusually small and short-lived ozone hole in 2019 caused by unusual weather conditions. “There is much variability in how far ozone hole events develop each year,” said Vincent-Henri Peuch, director of Europe’s Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service. He added that it’s proof nations need to continue enforcing the Montreal Protocol, which bans emissions of ozone-depleting chemicals.

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Environment

Global Temperature Extremes

The week’s hottest temperature was 112 degrees Fahrenheit (44.4 degrees Celsius) in Aqaba, Jordan.

The week’s coldest temperature was minus 90.0 degrees Fahrenheit (minus 67.8 degrees Celsius) at Vostok, Antarctica.

Temperatures were tabulated from the more than 10,000 worldwide synoptic weather stations. The United Nations World Meteorological Organization sets the standards for weather observations, and provides a global telecommunications circuit for data distribution.

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Wildfires

Wildfires – Colorado, USA

A Colorado wildfire, fuelled by high winds, grew by more than 22,000 acres Wednesday to become the largest in state history.

The Cameron Peak Fire burning in the mountains west of Fort Collins had grown to 158,300 acres by Wednesday evening, making it the largest wildfire in state history. No injuries or deaths have been linked to the record-setting blaze, which is 56 percent contained.

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Disease

COVID-19

The countries with the 10 greatest number of Covid-19 cases:

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Volcanos

Roundup of Global Volcanic Activity – Ongoing Activity for the Week 7 October 2020 – 13 October 2020

Aira | Kyushu (Japan) : JMA reported that very small eruptive events at Minamidake Crater (at Aira Caldera’s Sakurajima volcano) were occasionally recorded during 5-12 October. Crater incandescence was visible at night. The Alert Level remained at 3 (on a 5-level scale).

Dukono | Halmahera (Indonesia) : Based on satellite and wind model data, the Darwin VAAC reported that during 7 and 9-13 October ash plumes from Dukono rose 1.8-2.4 km (6,000-8,000 ft) a.s.l. and drifted NE, N, NW, and W. The Alert Level remained at 2 (on a scale of 1-4), and the public was warned to remain outside of the 2-km exclusion zone.

Ebeko | Paramushir Island (Russia) : Volcanologists in Severo-Kurilsk (Paramushir Island), about 7 km E of Ebeko, observed explosions during 2-9 October that sent ash plumes up to 3 km (10,000 ft) a.s.l. and drifted N, E, SE, and S. Ash fell in Severo-Kurilsk during 7-8 October. The Aviation colour Code remained at Orange (the second highest level on a four-colour scale).

Fuego | Guatemala : INSIVUMEH reported that there were 5-19 explosions per hour recorded during 7-13 October at Fuego, generating ash plumes as high as 1.1 km above the crater rim that generally drifted as far as 20 km in multiple directions. Shock waves rattled buildings within 7-15 km of the summit. Incandescent material ejected 100-400 m high caused avalanches of blocks in the Ceniza (SSW), Seca (W), Trinidad (S), Taniluyá (SW), El Jute, Las Lajas, and Honda drainages; avalanches sometimes reached vegetated areas. Ashfall was reported daily in several areas downwind including Morelia (9 km SW), Panimaché I and II (8 km SW), Finca Palo Verde, La Rochela, Santa Sofía (12 km SW), and Sangre de Cristo (8 km WSW). On 9 October lahars descended multiple drainages on Fuego’s flanks. Lahars overflowed the Las Lajas drainage on the SE flank and deposited blocks and sediment on the RN 14 road, causing its closure.

Ibu | Halmahera (Indonesia) : PVMBG reported that during 7-13 October white-to-gray ash plume rose 200-800 m above Ibu’s summit and drifted N and E. The Alert Level remained at 2 (on a scale of 1-4), and the public was warned to stay at least 2 km away from the active crater, and 3.5 km away on the N side.

Kadovar | Papua New Guinea : Based on satellite data, the Darwin VAAC reported that during 7-8 October discrete ash puffs from Kadovar rose to an altitude of 1.8 km (6,000 ft) a.s.l. and drifted NW and N.

Langila | New Britain (Papua New Guinea) : Based on analyses of satellite imagery and wind-model data, the Darwin VAAC reported that on 6 October an ash plume from Langila rose to an altitude of 3 km (10,000 ft) a.s.l. and drifted WSW.

Pacaya | Guatemala : INSIVUMEH reported that Strombolian activity and lava effusion continued at Pacaya during 7-13 October. Explosions from the cone in Mackenney Crater intensified on 8 October, ejecting material 200-300 m above the vent. At least four lava flows were active on the N and E flanks and all were 250-300 m long. By the next day three lava flows, on the NE, N, and W flanks were 200-400 m long. During 9-13 October explosions ejected material as high as 150 m. Lava flows were periodically active on NE, N, and W flanks, traveling 100-300 m.

Popocatepetl | Mexico : CENAPRED reported that each day during 6-13 October there were 84-143 steam-and-gas emissions from Popocatépetl, most of which contained minor amounts of ash. Gas-and-ash plumes drifted NE, WNW, W, and SSW. Minor ashfall was reported during 6-7 October in areas downwind including the municipality of Tetela del Volcán (20 km SW) in the State of Morelos, and the municipalities of Amecameca (20 km NW), Atlautla (17 km W), Ayapango (22 km NSW), and Ecatzingo (15 km SW) in the State of Mexico. Incandescence from the crater was observed during 11-12 October and occasionally intensified with some emissions. Ashfall was reported in Amecameca on 13 October. The Alert Level remained at Yellow, Phase Two (middle level on a three-colour scale).

Santa Maria | Guatemala : INSIVUMEH reported that during 7-13 October lava extrusion at Santa María’s Santiaguito lava-dome complex generated block-and-ash flows that descended the W, SW, S, and SE flanks, sometimes reaching the base of Caliente cone. Explosions generated ash plumes that rose as high as 1 km above the summit and drifted as far as 10 km NW, W, and SW. The lava dome was incandescent most nights, sometimes for prolonged periods of time.

Sheveluch | Central Kamchatka (Russia) : KVERT reported that a thermal anomaly over Sheveluch was identified in satellite images during 2-9 October. A plume of re-suspended ash drifted 250 km SE during 7-8 October. The Aviation colour Code remained at Orange (the second highest level on a four-colour scale).

Sinabung | Indonesia : PVMBG reported that white plumes rose as high as 200 m above Sinabung’s summit on 7 October. Lava avalanches traveled E and SE from the summit crater for 300 m on 9 October and 300-700 m during 12-13 October. The Alert Level remained at 3 (on a scale of 1-4), with a general exclusion zone of 3 km and extensions to 5 km in the SE sector and 4 km in the NE sector.

Slamet | Central Java (Indonesia) : PVMBG reported that during 1 September-9 October white emissions rose as high as 100 m above Slamet’s summit. During the previous two weeks seismicity significantly decreased, specifically tremor and the signals indicating emissions. The magnitude of earthquakes returned to baseline levels. Tiltmeter data from an instrument on the upper E flank indicated inflation in the upper part of the edifice, though data from an instrument located N of the volcano indicated no overall deformation. On 8 October the Alert Level was lowered to 1 (on a scale of 1-4) and the public was warned to stay outside a radius of 1 km.

Suwanosejima | Ryukyu Islands (Japan) : JMA reported nighttime incandescence and intermittent eruptive activity at Suwanosejima’s Ontake Crater during 2-9 October. Ashfall was occasionally reported in Toshima village, 4 km SSW. An explosion at 1155 on 8 October generated an ash plume that rose more than 700 m above the crater rim. The Alert Level remained at 2 (on a 5-level scale).

Telica | Nicaragua : INETER reported that during 6-7 October there were five explosions recorded at Telica. The largest occurred at 0742 on 7 October; it produced an ash plume that rose 600 m and drifted SW and caused ashfall around the crater.

Villarrica | Chile : POVI reported that a 12 October satellite image of Villarrica showed a strip of tephra deposits, 200 m wide and 3 km long, on the NE flank. The deposits originated from two eruptive events on 9 October. A thermal anomaly was also visible in the middle of the crater floor. The Alert Level remained at Yellow, the second lowest level on a four-colour scale. ONEMI maintained an Alert Level Yellow (the middle level on a three-colour scale) for the municipalities of Villarrica, Pucón (16 km N), Curarrehue, and the commune of Panguipulli, and the exclusion zone for the public of 500 m around the crater.

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Earthquakes

Magnitude 5+ Earthquakes – Global

5.2 earthquake hits San Juan, Argentina.

5.2 earthquake hits Kepulauan Mentawai, Indonesia.

5.1 earthquake hits the Kermedec islands.

5.0 earthquake hits the Molucca Sea.

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Storms and Floods

Tropical Storms – Roundup of Tropical Storms:

In the Eastern Pacific Ocean: Post-tropical cyclone 19e (Norbert), located approximately 407 nm south of San Diego, is tracking north-northwestward at 06 knots.

NewsBytes:

Philippines – A tropical depression brought heavy rain caused to parts of the Philippines from 13 to 14 October 2020. Disaster officials reported at least 2 people died and another was reported missing following floods in Cebu City and surrounding areas. At least 20 villages in the surrounding areas were affected, with flood waters up to 1 metre deep. Over 250 people had to evacuate to safer ground, including 230 residents of Barangay Pulangbato and 136 people ib Barangay Kalunasan.

India – A deep depression in the Bay of Bengal has brought days of heavy rain to parts of southern and western India, causing flooding in the states of Telangana, Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka and Maharashtra. In Telangana, media report at least 15 people are thought to have died in flood and rain-related incidents after heavy downpours from around 12 October, 2020. In Andhra Pradesh, heavy rains caused damage to roads and disrupted power supply in several districts including West Godavari, Krishna, Kadapa and Guntur, affecting 150,000 people. In the state of Karnataka, DMD report that flooding has affected 150,000 people in the state in areas of Kalaburagi and Bidar districts from 13 October. Meanwhile in the state of Maharashtra 6 people have died and the search and rescue operation called off.

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Volcanos

Roundup of Global Volcanic Activity – New Activity for the Week 7 October 2020 – 13 October 2020

Klyuchevskoy | Central Kamchatka (Russia) : KVERT reported that Strombolian activity at Klyuchevskoy was continuing and a lava flow was advancing down the Apakhonchich drainage on the SE flank. Activity increased during 7-8 October and was characterized by strong explosions, collapses of parts of the drainage sides, strong thermal anomalies, and ash plumes that drifted over 200 km SE. The Aviation Color Code was raised to Orange (the second highest level on a four-colour scale) on 8 October.

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Disease

COVID-19

The countries with the 10 greatest number of Covid-19 cases:

Ebola – First Treatment Approved

Today, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration approved Inmazeb (atoltivimab, maftivimab, and odesivimab-ebgn), a mixture of three monoclonal antibodies, as the first FDA-approved treatment for Zaire ebolavirus (Ebola virus) infection in adult and pediatric patients.

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Earthquakes

Magnitude 5+ Earthquakes – Global

5.2 earthquake hits southern Peru.

5.1 earthquake hits the Socotra region.

5.0 earthquake hits the Philippine Islands.

5.0 earthquake hits the Caspian Sea.

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Earthquakes

Magnitude 5+ Earthquakes – Global

5.3 earthquake hits Easter Island.

5.3 earthquake hits Crete.

5.3 earthquake hits offshore Chiapas, Mexico.

5.1 earthquake hits Crete.

5.1 earthquake hits Guatemala.

5.1 earthquake hits the Izu Islands off Japan.

5.0 earthquake hits the Hindu Kush, Afghanistan.

5.0 earthquake hits offshore Chiapas, Mexico.

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Storms and Floods

Tropical Storms – Roundup of Tropical Storms:

In the Western Pacific Ocean: Tropical Depression (td) 16w (Chan-Hom), located approximately 138 nm north of Chichi Jima, Japan, is tracking southward at 08 knots.

Tropical storm 18w (Nangka), located approximately 277 nm south-southeast of Hong Kong, is tracking westward at 13 knots.

NewsBytes:

USA – Delta made landfall 09 October 2020 as a Category 2 hurricane with maximum sustained winds of 155 km/h (100 mph). The storm began to lose strength as it moved inland and has since been downgraded to a Tropical Depression. Heavy winds downed trees and power lines. Some 615,000 homes and businesses along the Gulf Coast without power as of 10 October. Delta also dumped heavy rainfall, causing floods in parts of Louisiana and later Georgia.

Vietnam – Tropical Storm Linfa made landfall over Quang Nam and Quang Ngai provinces in Vietnam on 11 October 2020. The storm brought further heavy rainfall to central provinces of Vietnam. Ta Long in Qang Tri province recorded 210 mm of rain, and Quang Dien and A Luoi in Thua Thien-Hue both saw 182mm in a 24 hour period to 12 October. Central Vietnam has been plagued by heavy rain since around 05 October, with many provinces seeing severe flooding and landslides.

Uganda – Flooding from Lake Albert and Lake Kyoga had continues to cause hardship for local communities in Uganda. Uganda Red Cross reported that rising flood waters from Lake Albert displaced around 1,400 people in Kanara sub county, Ntoroko district in early October. Relief items have been distributed. NTV News said many of those displaced sought refugee at a nearby health centre which was later also flooded. Others are staying in a local school building. Local media also reported increased flooding from lake Albert in areas of Ndaiga sub-county in Kibaale district. Flooding began in April but worsened over recent weeks leaving many homeless and affecting at least 6,000 people. In a disturbing development, the recent displacements have reportedly caused land conflicts, according to reports.

Cambodia – Days of heavy rainfall in South East Asia have caused flooding in Vietnam, Cambodia, Laos and Thailand. Flooding in parts of Cambodia over the last few days has left at least 10 people dead and thousands affected. The first of the recent spate of flooding began in early October 2020 when around 150 people were evacuated from their homes in areas of Banteay Meanchey province, in particular Ou Chrov District close to the border with Thailand. Several other provinces were also affected by heavy rain at the time, including Pursat, Battambang, Kampong Speu and Kampong Chhnang. Since then flooding has worsened and as of 10 October, around 14,000 people were thought to be affected or displaced. Around 40,000 hectares of crops and paddy fields have been inundated. Military teams have been deployed to help with rescue and relief operations.

Ghana – Flooding struck in Accra and surrounding areas in Ghana on 10 October after heavy rainfall. Media reported a heavy downpour lasting several hours, early on 10 October, causing floods in areas of Accra and neighbouring Kasoa in Central Region. Just over 78 mm of rain was recorded at Kotoka International Airport in Accra in 24 hours to 10 October.

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Global Warming

Arctic Ocean is Dying

Researchers on the world’s biggest mission to the North Pole will return to dock on Monday, bringing home devastating proof of a dying Arctic Ocean and warnings of ice-free summers in just decades.

The German Alfred Wegener Institute’s Polarstern ship is set to return to the port of Bremerhaven after 389 days spent drifting through the Arctic trapped in ice, allowing scientists to gather vital information on the effects of global warming in the region.

The team of several hundred scientists from 20 countries have seen for themselves the dramatic effects of global warming on ice in the region, considered “the epicentre of climate change”, according to mission leader Markus Rex.

“We witnessed how the Arctic ocean is dying,” Rex told AFP. “We saw this process right outside our windows, or when we walked on the brittle ice.” Underlining how much of the sea ice has melted away, Rex said the mission was able to sail through large patches of open water, “sometimes stretching as far as the horizon”. “At the North Pole itself, we found badly eroded, melted, thin and brittle ice.”

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Disease

COVID-19

The countries with the 10 greatest number of Covid-19 cases:

Syphilis – Japan

Japan’s National Institute of Infectious Diseases in Tokyo has reported 4,168 syphilis cases through September 30. This is the fifth straight year the country has exceeded 4,000 cases of the sexually transmitted infection.

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Earthquakes

Magnitude 5+ Earthquakes – Global

5.4 earthquake hits Easter Island.

5.3 earthquake hits Manipur, India.

5.0 earthquake hits the South Shetland Islands.

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Storms and Floods

Tropical Storms – Roundup of Tropical Storms:

In the Atlantic Ocean: Post Tropical Cyclone Delta is located about 65 mi…105 km ene of Tupelo Mississippi and about 120 mi…190 km ssw of Nashville Tennessee with maximum sustained winds…30 mph…45 km/h. Present movement…ene or 60 degrees at 15 mph…24 km/h.

In the Western Pacific Ocean: Tropical Storm (ts) 16w (Chan-Hom), located approximately 227 nm south-southeast of Yokosuka, Japan, is tracking east-southeastward at 09 knots.

Tropical depression 17w (Linfa), located approximately 47 nm south of Da Nang, Vietnam, is tracking westward at 10 knots.

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Disease

COVID-19

The countries with the 10 greatest number of Covid-19 cases:

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Earthquakes

Magnitude 5+ Earthquakes – Global

5.7 earthquake hits Vanuatu.

5.0 earthquake hits the southwest Indian ridge.

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Storms and Floods

Tropical Storms – Roundup of Tropical Storms:

In the Atlantic Ocean: Tropical Storm Delta is located about 45 mi…70 km sse of Monroe Louisiana with maximum sustained winds…45 mph…75 km/h. Present movement…nne or 25 degrees at 16 mph…26 km/h.

In the Eastern Pacific Ocean: Remnants of 19e (Norbert), located approximately 1269 nm south-southeast of San Diego, is tracking northward at 00 knots.

In the Western Pacific Ocean: Tropical Storm (ts) 16w (Chan-Hom), located approximately 240 nm southwest of Yokosuka, Japan, is tracking eastward at 09 knots.

Tropical depression 17w (Seventeen), located approximately 307 nm east-southeast of Da Nang, Vietnam, is tracking northwestward at 09 knots.

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