Volcanos

Roundup of Global Volcanic Activity – Ongoing Activity for the week 29 June – 5 July 2022

Aira – Kyushu (Japan) : JMA reported that nighttime incandescence at Minamidake Crater (at Aira Caldera’s Sakurajima volcano) was visible during 28 June-4 July. Two eruptive events and one explosion produced plumes that rose as high as 1.6 km above the crater rim. An explosion, the first recorded since 28 January, was detected at 1221 on 27 June and ejected tephra 600-900 m above the crater rim. The sulfur dioxide rate was 800 tons per day on 30 June.

Aniakchak – Alaska Peninsula, Alaska : AVO reported that strong winds in a region NW of Aniakchak and E of Port Heiden resuspended ash and blew it NW on 30 June. A dense cloud of possible resuspended ash near ground levels was identified in Port Heiden webcam views. The altitude of the cloud was unknown, though the report noted that resuspended ash clouds typically do not rise above 5 km (16,400 ft) a.s.l. The cloud was not a result of volcanic activity.

Bezymianny – Central Kamchatka (Russia) : KVERT reported that a thermal anomaly over Bezymianny was identified in satellite images during 26 June-1July.

Dukono – Halmahera : Based on satellite and wind model data, the Darwin VAAC reported that during 29 June-1 July ash plumes from Dukono rose to 2.1 km (7,000 ft) a.s.l. and drifted W.

Fuego – South-Central Guatemala : INSIVUMEH reported that 4-10 explosions per hour were recorded at Fuego during 28 June-5 July, generating ash plumes that rose as high as 1.2 km above the crater rim. The ash plumes drifted 10-30 km W and SW, causing daily ashfall in areas downwind including Morelia (9 km SW), Panimaché I and II (8 km SW), Santa Sofía (12 km SW), El Porvenir (8 km ENE), Los Yucales (12 km SW), Sangre de Cristo (8 km WSW), and Finca Palo Verde. Daily shock waves rattled structures in communities around the volcano and occasional rumbling was heard. Block avalanches descended the Ceniza (SSW), Seca (W), Trinidad (S), Taniluyá (SW), Honda, and Las Lajas (SE) drainages. Explosions ejected incandescent material 100-300 m above the summit on most days. An effusive phase began during the evening of 2 July, and by 4 July a lava flow had traveled 1 km down in the Ceniza drainage. On 4 July pyroclastic flows traveled 6 km down the Ceniza drainage and generated ash plumes that rose 5 km.

Gamkonora – Halmahera : PVMBG reported that diffuse white plumes rose 20-60 m above Gamkonora’s summit were visible during 1 January-29 June, and no other changes were observed. Deep and shallow volcanic earthquakes were rarely recorded.

Great Sitkin – Andreanof Islands (USA) : AVO reported that the eruption at Great Sitkin continued during 29 June-5 July. The lava-flow field grew slightly, expanding 15 m E. Elevated surface temperatures were occasionally identified in satellite images; weather clouds sometimes obscured satellite and webcam views. Seismicity was low.

Kanlaon – Philippines : PHIVOLCS issued a special notice for Kanlaon at 1400 on 3 July, noting increased earthquake activity beneath the summit. A total of 41 volcanic earthquakes were recorded by the seismic network beginning at 0500 on 30 June, including seven shallow tornillo signals indicating gas movement through fractures in the upper flanks. Ground deformation data from continuous GPS indicated minor, short-term inflation of the lower and mid-flanks of the volcano since January 2022, consistent with continuous electronic tilt data that had recorded inflation on the SE flanks since mid-March 2022. The seismicity and inflation likely reflected shallow hydrothermal processes.

Katmai – Alaska : AVO reported that on 30 June strong winds in the vicinity of Katmai and the Valley of Ten Thousand Smokes blew unconsolidated ash NW at an altitude up to 1.8 km (6,000 ft) a.s.l. The ash was originally deposited during the Novarupta eruption in 1912.

Kilauea – Hawaiian Islands (USA) : HVO reported that lava continued to effuse from a vent in the lower W wall of Kilauea’s Halema`uma`u Crater during 29 June-5 July, entering the lava lake and flowing onto the crater floor. The lake level was variable, and lava breakouts occurred along the N margin on most days.

Krakatau – Sunda Strait : PVMBG reported that several eruptive events were recorded at Anak Krakatau during 29 June-1 July. Gray-to-black ash plumes of variable densities rose as high as 2 km above the summit and drifted N and NE. Cloudy weather conditions sometimes prevented views during 2-5 July, though photos posted with the reports showed nighttime crater incandescence.

Lewotolok – Lembata Island : PVMBG reported that the eruption at Lewotolok continued during 28 June-5 July. Daily white-and-gray or white, gray, and black emissions rose as high as 1.3 km above the summit and drifted NW, W, and SW. Photos posted in reports showed Strombolian activity from the crater.

Merapi – Central Java : BPPTKG reported that the eruption at Merapi continued during 24-30 June. The heights and morphologies of the SW and central lava domes were unchanged from the previous week, and seismicity remained at high levels. As many as 69 lava avalanches traveled down the Bebeng drainage on the SW flank, reaching a maximum distance of 1.8 km.

Pavlof – Alaska Peninsula, Alaska : AVO reported that the eruption at a vent on Pavlof’s upper E flank was ongoing during 29 June-5 July, and seismic tremor persisted. Daily elevated surface temperatures identified in satellite images were consistent with the continuing effusion of short (615 m or less) lava flows.

Ruapehu – North Island (New Zealand) : On 4 July GeoNet reported that analysis of water from Ruapehu’s cater lake confirmed that there is no interaction between magma and the hydrothermal system that drives composition, level, and temperature of the lake. New magma that had intruded over the previous 2-3 months had stopped moving. Tremor had declined to near background levels and gas emission rates were generally low. The lake water temperature had decreased by one degree and stabilized at 24 degrees Celsius.

Santa Maria – Southwestern Guatemala : INSIVUMEH reported that the eruption at Santa María’s Santiaguito lava-dome complex continued during 29 June-5 July. Incandescence from Caliente crater and the lava flows on the W and SW flanks was visible nightly. Lava flows continued to advance in the San Isidro channel and were 3 km long by 1 July. Block avalanches from the ends and sides of the flows that descended the S, SW, and S flanks. Ash from these avalanches sometimes produced ash curtains and ashfall around the volcano.

Semeru – Eastern Java : PVMBG reported that the eruption at Semeru continued during 28 June-5 July. VONAs were issued for multiple eruptive events (at 1101 on 29 June, 0735 on 30 June, 0619 on 3 July, 0519, 0726, and 0803 on 4 July, and 0534 on 5 July) that produced ash plumes that rose 400-1,500 m above the summit and drifted SW and N.

Semisopochnoi – Aleutian Islands (USA) : AVO reported that low-level eruptive activity at Semisopochnoi’s North Cerberus cone likely continued during 29 June-5 July. Seismicity was quiet. Weather clouds often prevented satellite and webcam views; sulfur dioxide emissions were detected in satellite images on 28 and 30 June.

Sheveluch – Central Kamchatka (Russia) : KVERT reported that a thermal anomaly over Sheveluch was identified in satellite images during 24 June-1 July and the eruption was characterized by ongoing explosions, hot avalanches, and lava-dome extrusion.

Suwanosejima – Ryukyu Islands (Japan) : JMA reported that the eruption at Suwanosejima’s Ontake Crater continued during 27 June-4 July and crater incandescence was visible nightly. Emissions rose as high as 1 km above the crater rim and tephra was ejected 200-600 m from the vent.

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