Volcanos

Roundup of Global Volcanic Activity – Ongoing Activity for the Week 30 June – 6 July 2021

Aira – Kyushu (Japan) : JMA reported nightly incandescence during 28 June-5 July from Minamidake Crater (at Aira Caldera’s Sakurajima volcano). An eruptive event on 29 June produced an ash plume that rose 1 km before entering weather clouds. The sulfur dioxide emission rate was low at 600 tons per day on 30 June. The Alert Level remained at 3 (on a 5-level scale), and residents were warned to stay 2 km away from the crater.

Dukono – Halmahera (Indonesia) : Based on satellite and wind model data, the Darwin VAAC reported that during 29 June-3 July ash plumes from Dukono rose to 2.1 km (7,000 ft) a.s.l. and drifted in multiple directions. The Alert Level remained at 2 (on a scale of 1-4), and the public was warned to remain outside of the 2-km exclusion zone.

Ebeko – Paramushir Island (Russia) : According to volcanologists in Severo-Kurilsk (Paramushir Island), about 7 km E of Ebeko, explosions during 27-28 June and 1 July produced ash plumes that rose as high as 2 km (6,600 ft) a.s.l. and drifted in multiple directions. The Aviation colour Code remained at Orange (the second highest level on a four-colour scale).

Etna – Sicily (Italy) : INGV reported three episodes of lava fountaining at Etna’s Southeast Crater (SEC) during 28 June-4 July, producing ash plumes that rose 5-10 km (16,400-32,800 ft) a.s.l. Occasional ash-and-gas emissions rose from Bocca Nuova Crater and Northeast Crater. The first episode at SEC began with Strombolian activity at 0040 on 2 July. Ash plumes drifted ESE and within an hour lava fountains were visible that sent flows SW; fountaining ceased at 0250. The second episode began at 1656 on 4 July, produced fountains at 1725, and ended at 1900. Lava flows traveled SW and ENE, and ash plumes drifted ESE. The last episode began at 2330 on 6 July and produced ash plumes that drifted SE. Explosive activity intensified at 0000 on 7 July; lava fountaining began 30 minutes later, rose as high as 1 km, and ended within two hours. Lapilli was reported in the S part of Tremestieri and ash fell in Nicolosi, as well as in many other areas downwind. According to news articles the Catania airport was closed during the night due to ashfall.

Kadovar – Papua New Guinea : Based on satellite and wind model data, the Darwin VAAC reported that on 4 July an ash plume from Kadovar rose to an altitude of 1.5 km (5,000 ft) a.s.l. and drifted W.

Karymsky – Eastern Kamchatka (Russia) : KVERT reported that a thermal anomaly over Karymsky was visible in satellite images on 25 and 30 June and 1 July; the volcano was quiet or obscured by weather clouds on the other days during 26 June-2 July. The Aviation colour Code remained at Orange (the second highest level on a four-colour scale).

Krysuvik-Trolladyngja – Iceland : The fissure eruption in the W part of the Krýsuvík-Trölladyngja volcanic system, close to Fagradalsfjall on the Reykjanes Peninsula, periodically continued during 30 June-6 July. Lava fountaining and overflows from the fifth vent were occasionally visible, and lava from the crater flowed in tubes as well as on the surface. Occasional rim collapses generated minor ash plumes on 2 July based on footage captured by a visitor. A longest pause in the eruption so far, also reflected in seismic data, began near midnight on 5 July and ended early on 7 July according to a news source. The Aviation colour Code remained at Orange due to the lack of ash and tephra emissions, though IMO warned of the potential for lapilli and scoria fallout within a 650 m radius of the active vent. Authorities warned of increased gas emissions hazards.

Kuchinoerabujima – Ryukyu Islands (Japan) : JMA reported that deformation data at Kuchinoerabujima had shown a deflationary trend since February and the number of volcanic earthquakes had been decreasing since May. The Alert Level was lowered to 2 (on a scale of 1-5) on 5 July, and JMA reminded the public to stay 1 km away from Shindake Crater in general and 2 km away from the W flank.

Lewotolok – Lembata Island (Indonesia) : PVMBG reported that daily white-and-gray plumes from Lewotolok rose as high as 1 km and drifted in multiple directions during 29 June-6 July. Incandescent material was ejected from the summit vent in various directions during 2-5 July; on 3 July material landed as far as 1 km SW and started vegetation fires. On 5 July an ash plume rose 1 km and drifted SE. The Alert Level remained at 3 (on a scale of 1-4) and the public was warned to stay 3 km away from the summit crater.

Merapi – Central Java (Indonesia) : BPPTKG reported that the lava dome just below Merapi’s SW rim and the lava dome in the summit crater both remained active during 25 June-1 July. The SW rim lava-dome volume was an estimated 1.68 million cubic meters by 1 July, with a growth rate of 11,800 cubic meters per day, and continued to shed material down the flank. The summit lava dome was 0.5 m shorter than the previous week, corresponding to the increasing numbers of incandescent avalanches and pyroclastic flows as more material was shed to the SE. A total of 10 pyroclastic flows traveled a maximum of 2 km down the SW flank and 29 traveled as far as 3 km SE. As many as 100 incandescent avalanches traveled a maximum of 2 km down the SW flank and 26 traveled as far as 1.2 km down the SE flank. Ashfall was reported in several areas to the SE on 25 June. The Alert Level remained at 3 (on a scale of 1-4), and the public was warned to stay 5 km away from the summit.

Reventador – Ecuador : IG reported that a high level of activity continued to be recorded at Reventador during 29 June-6 July; adverse weather conditions sometimes prevented visual confirmation. Seismicity was characterized by daily explosions, harmonic tremor events, long-period earthquakes, and signals indicating emissions. Gas, steam, and ash plumes, often observed multiple times a day with the webcam or reported by the Washington VAAC, rose as high as 1.6 km above the summit crater and drifted mainly W, NW, and NE. Crater incandescence and incandescent blocks rolling down the S flank were often observed at night.

Semeru – Eastern Java (Indonesia) : Semeru continued to erupt during 29 June-6 July. Inclement weather often prevented visual observations, though PVMBG and the Darwin VAAC reported that gray-and-white plumes rose 500 m above the summit and drifted in multiple directions on 30 June and 1 and 3 July. The Alert Level remained at 2 (on a scale of 1-4), with a general exclusion zone of 1 km and extensions to 5 km in the SSE sector.

Sheveluch – Central Kamchatka (Russia): KVERT reported that a thermal anomaly over Sheveluch was identified in satellite images during 25 June-2 July. An ash plume drifted 18 km SW on 30 June. The Aviation colour Code remained at Orange (the second highest level on a four-colour scale).

Stromboli – Aeolian Islands (Italy) : INGV reported that during 28 June-4 July activity at Stromboli was characterized by ongoing explosive activity from three vents in Area N (North Crater area) and four vents in Area C-S (South-Central Crater area). Explosions from the N1 vent (Area N) ejected lapilli and bombs 150 m high, and produced minor ash emissions. Explosions at N2 vents (Area N) averaged 4-10 events per hour and ejected material 80 m high; spattering was intense on 28 June. Explosions from the S2 vents in Area C-S occurred at a rate of 5-8 events per hour and ejected coarse material more than 150 m high.

Telica – Nicaragua : INETER reported that at 0500 on 29 June ash-and-gas emissions from Telica rose 200 m above the crater rim and drifted SW. The Washington VAAC noted that ash was emitted during 2-3 July. A few discrete emissions and ash near the crater were visible in webcam images on 2 July, and possible diffuse ash just W of the crater was seen in satellite images. Plumes likely rose to 1.2-1.5 km (4,000-5,000 ft) a.s.l. Another steam-and-ash plume drifted SW and then turned N. On 3 July possible ash plumes rose to 1.5 km (5,000 ft) a.s.l. and drifted WSW.

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